Althea Gibson - Biography of Tennis Pioneer

Tennis, which first came to the United States in the late 19th century, by the middle of the 20th century had become part of a culture of health and fitness. Public programs brought tennis to children in poor neighborhoods, though those children couldnt dream of playing in the elite tennis clubs. Dates:  August 25, 1927 - September 28, 2003 Early Life One young girl named Althea Gibson lived in Harlem in the 1930s and 1940s. Her family was on welfare. She was a client of the Society for Prevention of Cruelty to Children. She had trouble in school and was often truant. She ran away from home frequently. . She also played paddle tennis in public recreation programs. Her talent and interest in the game led her to win tournaments sponsored by the Police Athletic Leagues and the Parks Department. Musician Buddy Walker noticed her playing table tennis  and thought she might do well in tennis. He brought her to the Harlem River Tennis Courts, where she learned the game and began to excel. A Rising Star The young Althea Gibson became a member of the Harlem Cosmopolitan Tennis Club, a club for African American players, through donations raised for her membership and lessons. By 1942 Gibson had won the girls singles event at the American Tennis Associations New York State Tournament. The American Tennis Association - ATA - was an all-black organization, providing tournament opportunities not otherwise available to African American tennis players. In 1944 and 1945 she again won ATA tournaments. Then Gibson was offered an opportunity to develop her talents more fully: a wealthy South Carolina businessman opened his home to her and supported her in attending an industrial high school  while studying tennis privately. From 1950, she furthered her education, attending Florida AM University, where she graduated in 1953. Then, in 1953, she became an athletic instructor at Lincoln University in Jefferson City, Missouri. Gibson won the ATA womens singles tournament ten years in a row, 1947 through 1956. But tennis tournaments outside the ATA remained closed to her, until 1950. In that year white tennis player Alice Marble wrote an article in American Lawn Tennis magazine, noting that this excellent player was not able to participate in the better-known championships, for no reason other than bigotry. And so later that year, Althea Gibson entered the Forest Hills, New York, national grass court championship, the first African-American player of either sex to be allowed to enter. Gibson Takes on Wimbledon Gibson then became the first African-American invited to enter the all-England tournament at Wimbledon, playing there in 1951. She entered other tournaments  though at first winning only minor titles outside the ATA. In 1956, she won the French Open. In the same year, she toured worldwide as a member of a national tennis team supported by the U.S. State Department. She began winning more tournaments, including at the Wimbledon womens doubles. In 1957, she won the womens singles and doubles at Wimbledon. In celebration of this American win -- and her achievement as an African American -- New York City greeted her with a ticker tape parade. Gibson followed up with a win at Forest Hills in the womens singles tournament. Turning Pro In 1958, she again won both Wimbledon titles and repeated the Forest Hills womens singles win. Her autobiography, I Always Wanted to Be Somebody, came out in 1958. In 1959 she turned pro, winning the womens professional singles title in 1960. She also began playing professional womens golf and she appeared in several films. Althea Gibson served from 1973 on in various national and New Jersey positions in tennis and recreation. Among her honors: 1971 - National Lawn Tennis Hall of Fame1971 - International Tennis Hall of Fame1974 - Black Athletes Hall of Fame1983 - South Carolina Hall of Fame1984 - Florida Sports Hall of Fame In the mid-1990s, Althea Gibson suffered from serious health problems including a stroke, and also struggled financially though many efforts at fund-raising helped ease that burden. She died on Sunday, September 28, 2003, but not before she knew of the tennis victories of Serena and Venus Williams. A Lasting Legacy Other African American tennis players like Arthur Ashe and the Williams sisters followed Gibson, though not quickly. Althea Gibsons achievement was unique, as the first African American of either sex to break the color bar in national and international tournament tennis at a time when prejudice and racism were far more pervasive in society and sports.

Hung Liu Essay - 1298 Words

Hung Liu: The Chinese-American Artist By: Daniel Cagape ARTS 2F 10:30AM â€Å"The mind changes, the word changes, time doesnt stay still, history is a verb, it is ongoing, there is no past tense, future tense, history is constant† Hung Liu told interviewer Rachelle Riechart (Riechart). Hung Liu is a Chinese woman who was born in Changchun, China in 1948. She was born during the age which we call the Chinese Cultural Revolution, which heavily impacted her life. She lived in China for 36 years and then left for the United States. She now resides in Oakland, CA, where she teaches art at Mills College (â€Å"A World of Art†). A lot of her artwork is based on photographs and memories she has from China and photographs she’s taken in the United†¦show more content†¦Ã¢â‚¬Å"One dancer heard Ebens say explicitly ’It’s because of you motherfu*kers that we’re out of work’† was the accusation he made. Vincent was a young man who was about to get married in a few weeks before he was murdered. His fathe r was a Chinese immigrant who worked hard and owned laundry mats, and later served in the military for his citizenship and was later able to bring his wife and adopted son, Vincent, to the free land (Yung). Hung Liu worked hard with extensive research to find that her fellow Chinese people who had been living in America before her had owned many laundry mats and were very involved in the laundry business. When asked by a college in South Carolina to create a piece for them, she designed clothing and had her family create them and this piece later turned into a memorial for the laundry businesses in the South (Riechart). Figure 1: â€Å"Forbidden City† Figure 1: â€Å"Forbidden City† Another struggle that Hung Liu addressed that might have affected her life in California was that in the 1800s, Chinese women were shipped in and used as prostitutes around San Francisco for miners (Tedford). In 1991 Hung Liu painted the â€Å"Forbidden City†, shown in figure 1, which shows exposed women in the Forbidden City of China. I feel like this painting is called Forbidden forShow MoreRelatedThe Significance Of Mao Zedong s Leadership Essay11407 Words   |  46 PagesDue to Mao’s economic failures his position had weakened. The popularity of Mao started to deteriorate as people began to resent him and factions were formed against him in the Communist Party. In 1959 Mao stepped down as the leader being replaced by Liu Shaoqi and Deng Xiaoping. The new leaders moved towards private ownership from socialism and collectivism. However Mao was still in the picture and remained a key member of the CCP. By 1962 he wanted to get rid of the party and of China’s ca pitalistRead MoreA Brief Overview Of The Cruise Industry913 Words   |  4 Pages(Murphy, 2016). 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Biographical Analysis of John Mcwhorter Free Essays

Han Bin Kim Comp II, Class B Assignment 2, Draft 1 February 23, 2013 John McWhorter Interview Over the years I have interviewed a good number of people, but there has never been anyone quite like John McWhorter. Upon reading the article â€Å"The Cosmopolitan Tongue: The Universality of English† as published in the 2009 Fall edition of World Affairs, I found myself delighted by the mellow but powerful tone and the writer who could use it with such ease. Here was a man with brains, consideration, and humor. We will write a custom essay sample on Biographical Analysis of John Mcwhorter or any similar topic only for you Order Now Lost in my reveries about what McWhorter would be like, I didn’t quite realize that I had somehow dialed his office number until a deep voice filtered through the receiver. â€Å"Yes? McWhorter speaking. † With a tingling sense of nervousness I had forgotten since my rookie days, I introduced myself and asked if he could spare time for a brief interview. He replied, â€Å"Interviews, my dear sir, are rarely brief,† and I could almost hear his smile. There was that brilliant wit which had inspired him to state that there were â€Å"no feminine-gendered tables that talk like Penelope Cruz. (McWhorter, 251) After a turn or two of friendly wrangling, he gently suggested meeting Saturday afternoon at a quiet cafe we both knew. I agreed to the designated rendezvous and, unable to control the temptation, asked, â€Å"How long have you said cafe like that? † The way McWhorter pronounced the word was this: the ‘c’ was sweeter and lighter, in the way I talians and Spaniards speak, and the ‘f’ was said like a soft ‘p’—sounding simply foreign. He said simply, â€Å"Since I was very young. I already knew that he had â€Å"taught himself languages as a hobby since childhood† (McWhorter, 247), and unsatisfied as I was with his answer, I vowed that Saturday would be a new day. On Saturday afternoon I drove down a peaceful country road and walked silently into the cafe. A tall man stood with his back to me, gazing out the large French window, and without prologue asked, â€Å"Isn’t that a beautiful poem right in front of us? Anne Shirley said it a century ago, but I’ll take the liberty to repeat it. The lines and verses are only the outward garments of the poem; the real poem is the soul within them†¦ and that beautiful scene is the soul of an unwritten poem. † I smiled quietly at his analytical but sensitive analogy, reminded immediately of his description of the word ‘al— â€Å"an evergreen branch, a word whose final sound is a whistling past the sides of the tongue that sounds like wind passing through just such a branch. † (McWhorter, 247) I later asked him what his childhood nickname had been, and laughing, he confessed that he had most often been called â€Å"poet†. Small wonder for a man who could condense a long, everyday sentence—say, for example, â€Å"there are an innumerable number of books that could have summed up to no mean weight†Ã¢â‚¬â€into three pithy, creative, imagery-filled words: â€Å"Bookstore shelves groan. † (McWhorter, 247) He folded his long self into the armchair, crossing his legs, and leaning slightly forward he told me to sit down. As I sat, I remarked, â€Å"You look a great deal like I imagined you to be. † His quiet question and intelligent gaze compelled me to elucidate. I had gathered much of the premises from his writing. The contrasting thoughts â€Å"I hardly rejoice when a language dies† (McWhorter, 247) and â€Å"Would it be inherently evil if there were not 6,000 spoken languages but one? † (McWhorter, 252) could hardly have revealed themselves in a single piece of writing unless the writer was a man of exceptionally precise, cold logic. Thus I had already envisioned the deep-set, handsome eyes that flashed fire from under his brow, and the firmly set mouth. I had also imagined him to be a handsome man, and he was that, too. Humor saved the chin from tapering too sharply, the mouth from being dour: â€Å"Spanish speakers do not go about routinely imagining tables as cooing in feminine tones. † (McWhorter, 249) McWhorter laughed at my analysis, wryly telling me that I should have gone out for professional work in physiognomy, and handed me the menu which the waitress had left by his side. These little considerate actions which I had noticed during the phone call and the three minutes I had met him, inspired me to ask if he had always been so considerate. He looked surprised. I have never thought myself considerate,† he said slowly, â€Å"I am often told that I am too frank with my words. Before I make my opinion on something, I look at it from all perspectives to check that it is perfectly reasonable and logical. But once I make it, I say it without stopping to think if people who think otherwise will be hurt by my words. † I protested. I had already known that he was a considerate per son just by reading his article; namely, the welcoming way with which he drew his readers in: â€Å"Most Americans pronounce disgusting as â€Å"diss-kusting† with a k sound. Try it—you probably do too. )† (McWhorter, 248) The tall man leaned back in the armchair and laughed. â€Å"My dear friend, every writer is obligated to welcome his readers. Readers are the laziest species that ever drew breath, and if they don’t feel welcomed, they won’t read. As for being patient in littler things—well, I don’t know if this is very relevant or not, but I read five versions of the Talmud, each one progressively harder, when I was in middle school. I’m pretty sure junior high was when my interest in Hebrew peaked. The Talmud was a pretty good source of linguistic and cultural knowledge, and some of the moral standards made pretty logical sense, so I adopted them as my own. † It was relevant. Being considerate in a gentlemanly way, however, was different from the deferential attitude that McWhorter always took on when dealing with other cultures. More curious was how completely he seemed to understand each language, from its origin to how the people felt about it—â€Å"Native American groups would bristle at the idea that they are no longer meaningfully â€Å"Indian† simply because they no longer speak their ancestral language. (McWhorter, 249) McWhorter looked a trifle annoyed at first, but gradually his well-shaped face took on more complacent, amused lines. â€Å"I am a writer, and I am a linguist,† he said. â€Å"Both have to do with words—their denotation, connotation, nuance, and power. Knowing the power each word can wield automatically inspires you to feel a certain reverence for the English vocabulary in general—I’m sure you’ll agree with me there, sir—and knowing the power each language can wield brings you on your knees before the altar of all languages. † â€Å"But you don’t worship something you know absolutely nothing about,† he aid, gazing out at the sunlit scene again. â€Å"You first make sure that whatever it is, it is something that deserves to be worshipped. So you study the language. From then on, it’s rather like jumping into a river. Jump into the heart of the current, and you will be swept away like a stray autumn leaf. If you give yourself wholeheartedly up for the language to mold, the culture starts to mold you too. And as for the fact that I feel this way towards all languages,† and here a small frown creased his brow as he turned to me again, â€Å"well, it is a shame that this should be surprising, that is all. Each language has a rich legacy, albeit a legacy very different from our own, and they should be respected. † McWhorter’s eloquence touched me, and we talked for two more hours, vacillating from common everyday things I caught glimpses of from his article to fascinating facts I had never dreamed about him. I learned that he had mastered Socrates’ syllogisms at the age of six and Hegelian dialectics at the age of twelve, and that the value he respected most in humanity was its reason. Judging by the cold shoulder he gave his so beloved minority languages in his concluding paragraph—â€Å"We must consider the question in its pure, logical essence† (McWhorter, 252)—it was hardly surprising. More interesting was the fact that he had no less than four dogs at home, each named after a rare language he had specially enjoyed. The latest addition to the family was a darling slender little Chihuahua named Ket, with triple the uncertain grace of awkwardness found in dogs of his species. In the middle of hearing about Ket’s antics, I asked rather abruptly, â€Å"What art form is your favorite? Modernist? † McWhorter looked at me, surprised. â€Å"How did you guess? † I laughed. McWhorter, for a man of such clear-cut logic, enjoyed impossibilities as far as reality allowed— â€Å"The Ket language of Siberia is so awesomely irregular as to seem a work of art. † (McWhorter, 250) It was only natural that he should enjoy Picasso, whose pictures showed sharper intellectual insight, over David or Michelangelo, whose works were but excellent facsimiles of life’s appearance copied onto canvas and marble. Four hours passed by in the blink of an eye and time came for McWhorter to leave. He stood up and cordially shook my hand. â€Å"It was an honor meeting you, sir, though I dare say the interview was not short. † I shook my head. â€Å"No, it was an excellent interview. Thank you very much, Mr. McWhorter. † â€Å"Please, John,† McWhorter smilingly said. â€Å"If there’s one thing I learned from studying languages, it is that names are the essence of culture. I’ve seen many languages that are creative and fiendishly difficult and random—but no language is ever simpler than the other. Each has rich names for the things they treasure most. Native Americans sometimes have odd names; did you know that they have to earn it? But in our culture, we place identification foremost—and thanks be, my name is John McWhorter; John for friends and Mr. McWhorter for editors who don’t like my articles. † â€Å"Aren’t there many Johns here? † I teased, laughing, as I pulled on my coat. McWhorter shook his head. â€Å"None like me, John McWhorter,† he smiled, and treaded lightly out the door. How to cite Biographical Analysis of John Mcwhorter, Essay examples

Comparison Contrast Of Capabilities Competencies †Free Samples

Question: Discuss About The Comparison And Contrast Of Capabilities? Answer: Introduction In the modern era, the competition among businesses operating in hotel and hospitality industry has become highly intense. Furthermore, it is no longer easy for a company to attract new customers and retain the old ones (Ruetzler et al. 2014). Nowadays, organizations are required to adopt effective management practices to carry out the smooth functioning of all operations and business activities. The present study includes comparison and contrast of the capabilities and competencies required for three different job roles in front office department of Waiwo Dive Resort, Indonesia. The three different roles selected are night auditor, reservation manager, and assistant front office manager. The three different job roles in front office department of the organization Assistant front office manager- The person employed in this job role is also termed as deputy front office manager and reports to either general manager or to the front office manager (Bowen 2016). Furthermore, assistant front office manager plays a very important role in the absence of the front office manager in Waiwo Dive Resort, Indonesia. The assistant front office manager is responsible for ensuring the higher degree of satisfaction among clients or guest in the hotel. In addition to this, the manager also plays the vital role in managing proper coordination between back office and front office department within Waiwo Dive Resort, Indonesia. The manager is responsible for increasing sales and profitability of the business. In addition to this, assistant front office manager also is also responsible for dealing with issues linked to employee and customers (Albayrak Caber 2015). Overall management and motivation of employees working in Waiwo Dive Resort, Indonesia is also taken care by the manager. Night Auditor Front manager of the hotel is considered as the reporting authority of night auditor in the hotel. A person working on this position is required to carry out activities such as preparing Waiwo Dive Resorts cash summary, examining the overall accounting data and records of the hotel, tracking the financial records on a daily basis, etc. Posting of taxes and room charges in the account of guest staying in the hotel is also the key responsibility of night auditor (Andrews 2013). Assigning charges to their respective departments and cross checking the front office transaction with document evidence are also some important responsibilities which need to be accomplished by night auditor. Taking out the print and filling up of next day reservations in Waiwo Dive Resort, are some other roles associated with the position of night auditor in the hotel. Effective organizing skills are mandatory for a person working on job role of night auditor as these skills supports in managing the database and other essential reports in the best possible manner (Robinson et al. 2014). Reservation manager The reservation manager reports to front office manager of the hotel. Furthermore, the reservation manager is required to deliver fast, effective and adequate reservation services. It helps in achieving the higher degree of satisfaction among guests and thus contributes to the overall growth of hotel (Kang et al. 2015). The reservation manager works closely with the front office department of Waiwo Dive Resort, with an objective to developed and implement different working policies. The manager is also responsible for assigning the day to day task and activities to reservation staff working in the hotel. Other than this, the manager is responsible for enhancing the skill set and knowledge base of the reservation staff by carrying out different training programs. These training programs help employees to enhance their overall competencies and become more productive in terms of delivering fast, accurate and satisfactory services to all the hotel guests (Rao Sahu 2 013). Comparison and contrast of capabilities and competencies of three job roles Comparison and contrast of capabilities and competencies of three job roles Job Role Capabilities Competencies Assistant front office manager Welcoming guest and encouraging higher degree of customer loyalty Developing long term relation with hotel guest Dealing with issues and grievances of hotel clients or guest Understanding and satisfying the need/demand of customers Developing monthly and daily report Strong communication skills Effective management skills Problem solving abilities Result oriented Ability to develop strong bond and relation with customers Diploma in hotel and hospitality management Capable of developing pricing strategy Night Auditor Posting all charges Verification of the charges posted Auditing the charges posted and balance available Maintaining records of revenue generated through rooms, restaurant and calculating the occupancy percentage Attending the early morning calls Effective organizational skills Strong management skills Computer skills Ability to work on different software Generation of audit reports Satisfactory customer service Reservation manager Setting up rates by working with the sales team Revenue stream forecasting Managing the reservation staff Increasing the rate of customer guest satisfaction Knowledge about the international system of hotel Management of staff and hotel records Training skills Policy development Hotel management graduate from recognized university From the above-mentioned table, it has been analyzed that the capabilities and competencies for three different job roles have some similarities and differences. It can be stated that the selected three job positions in front office department require effective communication and management skills. Here, the management skills are essential because it helps employees to carry out the smooth flow of all operations and activities (Quintana, Park Cabrera 2015). In addition to this, management skills also support in accomplishing the targets of sales and profits of Waiwo Dive Resort. Another common capability required in the mentioned- above three roles is that all the selected roles focus on attaining the higher degree of customer satisfaction by meeting the need and demand of hotel guest. However, it can be critically argued that in certain competencies the selected roles contrast each other. For example job role such as assistant office manager demands competencies such as resulted ori ented and problem-solving skills. A person working as an assistant office manager should be able to deal with issues and queries of the hotel guest, and at the same time, he/she should be capable enough to resolve the same in the best possible manner (W ONeill McGinley 2014). In addition to this, assistant office manager should be capable enough to develop the overall pricing strategy of Waiwo Dive Resort, and this competency is not required in job roles such as night auditor and reservation manager. On the other side of this, the role such as night auditor also require some other competencies which are not demanded by other selected job roles. It can be justified by the example that a night auditor needs to be competent enough to work on various software and at the same time he/she should be able to generate various audit report (Gummesson 2014). The job role of reservation manager demands competencies such as knowledge and understanding about international hotel system and this competency is not mandatory for job roles such as assistant front office manger and night auditor. However, it can be expressed that the similarity between the selected three job roles in Waiwo Dive Resort, is that all these roles demand a minimum qualification i.e. graduation in hotel and hospitality management from a recognized college or university. Apart from this, work experience is also required to get the position of night auditor, reservation manager and assistant front office manager in Waiwo Dive Resort, Indonesia. Conclusion From the above carried out study, it can be concluded that the job roles such as night auditor, reservation manager, and assistant front office manager in the front office department have certain similarities and differences. Furthermore, management and communication skills are the core and common competencies required to accomplish the selected three different job roles.; References Albayrak, T Caber, M 2015, 'Prioritisation of the hotel attributes according to their influence on satisfaction: A comparison of two techniques', Tourism Management, vol 46, pp. 43-50. Andrews, S 2013, Hotel front office: A training manual., Tata McGraw-Hill Education, New York. Bowen, DE 2016, 'The changing role of employees in service theory and practice: An interdisciplinary view', Human Resource Management Review, vol 26, no. 1, pp. 4-13. Gummesson, E 2014, 'Productivity, quality and relationship marketing in service operations: A revisit in a new service paradigm', International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, vol 26, no. 5, pp. 656-662. Kang, JS, Chiang, CF, Huangthanapan, K Downing, S 2015, 'Corporate social responsibility and sustainability balanced scorecard: The case study of family-owned hotel', International Journal of Hospitality Management, vol 48, pp. 124-134. Quintana, TA, Park, S Cabrera, YA 2015, 'Assessing the effects of leadership styles on employees outcomes in international luxury hotels', Journal of Business ethics, vol 129, no. 2, pp. 469-489. Rao, PS Sahu, PC 2013, 'Impact of service quality on customer satisfaction in hotel industry.', Journal of Humanities and Social Science, vol 18, no. 5, pp. 39-44. Robinson, RN, Kralj, A, Solnet, DJ, Goh, E Callan, V 2014, 'Thinking job embeddedness not turnover: Towards a better understanding of frontline hotel worker retention', International Journal of Hospitality Management, vol 36, pp. 101-109. Ruetzler, T, Baker, W, Reynolds, D, Taylor, J Allen, B 2014, 'Perceptions of technical skills required for successful management in the hospitality industryAn exploratory study using conjoint analysis', International Journal of Hospitality Management, vol 39, no. 2, pp. 57-164. W ONeill, J McGinley, S 2014, ' Operations research from 1913 to 2013: The Ford assembly line to hospitality industry innovation.', International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, vol 26, no. 5, pp. 663-678.